Python Programming for you by sarvesh

Python 3.12 is the latest stable release of the Python programming language, with a mix of changes to the language and the standard library. The library changes focus on cleaning up deprecated APIs, usability, and correctness. Of note, the distutils package has been removed from the standard library. Filesystem support in os and pathlib has seen a number of improvements, and several modules have better performance.

The language changes focus on usability, as f-strings have had many limitations removed and ‘Did you mean …’ suggestions continue to improve. The new type parameter syntax and type statement improve ergonomics for using generic types and type aliases with static type checkers.

This article doesn’t attempt to provide a complete specification of all new features, but instead gives a convenient overview. For full details, you should refer to the documentation, such as the Library Reference and Language Reference. If you want to understand the complete implementation and design rationale for a change, refer to the PEP for a particular new feature; but note that PEPs usually are not kept up-to-date once a feature has been fully implemented.

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New syntax features:

• PEP 695, type parameter syntax and the type statement

New grammar features:

• PEP 701, f-strings in the grammar

Interpreter improvements:

• PEP 684, a unique per-interpreter GIL
• PEP 669, low impact monitoring
• Improved ‘Did you mean …’ suggestions for NameError, ImportError, and SyntaxError exceptions

Python data model improvements:

• PEP 688, using the buffer protocol from Python

Significant improvements in the standard library:

• The pathlib.Path class now supports subclassing
• The os module received several improvements for Windows support
• A command-line interface has been added to the sqlite3 module
• isinstance() checks against runtime-checkable protocols enjoy a speed up of between two and 20 times
• The asyncio package has had a number of performance improvements, with some benchmarks showing a 75% speed up.
• A command-line interface has been added to the uuid module
• Due to the changes in PEP 701, producing tokens via the tokenize module is up to 64% faster.

Security improvements: